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• Hispanic Linguistics
• TESOL
• Spanish Sociolinguistics
• Bi/Multilingualism in the Spanish-speaking World
• Fundamentals of Language Contact
• Spanish and Spanglish in the U.S.
• Theory and Practice in Second Language Acquisition
• Spanish Phonology
• Spanish Pragmatics
• Central American Spanish
• Spanglish in U.S. Latino Literature
• Metaphors in English free verse poetry

• Beginning Spanish
• Intermediate Spanish
• Spanish Phonology
• Structure of Modern Spanish
• Spanish and Spanglish in U.S. Media (FYS)

• Balam, O., (2025). . Languages, 10(11), 283.
• Balam, O., & Carroll, K. (2025). . In Romanowski, P. (Ed.), Cambridge Handbook of Multilingual Education (pp. 809-827). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Balam, O., Ross, D., & Bravo, A. (2024). . Isogloss: Open Journal of Romance Linguistics, 10(1), 14, 1-27.
• Baird, B., Balam, O., & Parafita Couto, M. C. (2023).��.��Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill.
• Balam, O., Parafita Couto, M. C., & Stadthagen-González, H. (2020). . International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(5-6), 952–967.

For further details on scholarly work:

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• “Trade, aid, and dependency: The impact of U.S. bilateral food aid on trade and welfare in Mexico,” by Rayan Dos Passos. 2025. (Double major in Global & International Studies in Economics and Spanish)
• “Bilingual compound verbs: A comparison of Orange Walk, Belize and the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico,” by Lidia Pérez Leutza. 2023. (Latin American Studies major at Leiden University, the Netherlands) *External supervisor
• “Un análisis léxico y sociolingüístico del shesheo en la canción “La Mushasha Shula” de Espinoza Paz,” by Penelophe Pintor. 2023. (Spanish major)
• “El lenguaje es la hoja de ruta de la diversidad: La brecha digital en la comunidad latina inmigrante antes y durante la pandemia,” by Berenice Hernández. 2023. (Spanish major)
• “La percepción de la variación sociolingüística en los dialectos de español en los Estados Unidos,” by Catherine Baker. 2022. (Spanish major)
• “A gag tied too tight becomes liberty’s noose: A linguistic analysis of vagueness in Spain’s Ley Mordaza,” by Jacob Shelton. 2022. (Double major in Spanish and History)
• “Las emociones y el cambio de código: Un estudio sobre cómo las emociones provocan el cambio de código en bilingües español-inglés,” by Camryn Bragg. 2021. (Spanish major)
• “Multilingual literature of the New World: A literary and semantic study of Spanglish in Susana Chávez-Silverman’s Killer Crónicas,” by Justin Garibotti. 2021. (Double major in Spanish and English)
• “El español en contacto con el maya: Un análisis de las actitudes e identidades lingüísticas de los kaqchikeles en San Jorge la Laguna, Sololá, Guatemala,” by Tristan Donohoe. 2020. (Spanish major)